Preface:
But I figured it wouldn’t hurt me to read the letter. And as
I thought about it afterwards, it occurred to me that at a basic level, the
sender probably thought they were doing me a favor, particularly given the
contents of the letter.
Why they weren’t willing to sign the letter or offer a
means of response is not clear. Perhaps they find me intimidating, something I
occasionally hear from folks even as I rarely understand it. I don’t think I’m particularly
scary or even authoritative. But then, our Egos always try and put the best
spin on the way we view ourselves. I’m
pretty clear that my Shadow shows up more often than I would like to think. A
lot more often.
After I read the letter, I began to think about it. I sense
it may have been provoked by the sermons I preach at St. Richards and post to
my blog. So, if the sender is reading this blog post, let me thank you for
prompting me to think. I always consider that a gift. And now I’d like to offer
you the same gift in return.
Given that your letter was three pages single spaced, I
cannot reproduce it in its entirety here. And I realize that any process of excerpting
runs the risk of engaging in cherry picking the low hanging fruit. Hopefully I
avoided that in choosing the passages below that jumped out at me as I read
your words.
So here are those passages and my brief responses. If you
would like to follow up with a longer conversation, I’d be glad to sit down
over a cup of coffee with you. I’ll buy. Really.
QUOTE 1: “In Genesis chapter 1 God says….”
This lets me know immediately that we are not starting from
the same place in the way we read scripture.
I need to preface what follows with an acknowledgment that
my views have been shaped by a lifelong study of our faith tradition that has included
seminary education, doctoral work and time spent with biblical scholars at the
Jesus Seminar and teachers of mysticism including Richard Rohr’s Living School.
That doesn’t necessarily make me right. It just means I
come at this discussion from a place informed by a life of study, experiential
learning and prayer. And I feel it is best to acknowledge those starting places
up front for purposes of intellectual honesty.
That said, I am clear that the scriptures – like all
writings - are a human artifact, the work of human hands and imaginations. And
while I believe that divine inspiration can be found in the scriptures, I am
also clear they were not dictated by the Holy One. And I am also clear that a
number of other sources of inspirations and motivations can be found in them as
well, some of them anything but divine.
I strongly believe we should avoid anthropomorphizing human
artifacts. Bibles don’t speak, teach, permit, prohibit, et al. Those are
human activities. Scriptures also don’t contain the Holy One. G-d does not live
within their covers. Human authors wrote scripture. It is they who speak to us
of their experience of the divine. I believe we should take that seriously and
that means reading all scriptures critically and contextually.
I also believe we should never use the Bible to pound
others, even if just to persuade them to share our understandings. There are a
lot of ways to misuse the Bible. And it’s quite possible to mine the contents
of scripture to find the legitimation of any particular viewpoint. As
Shakespeare has Antonio, the Merchant of Venice, saying, even “The devil can
quote scripture for his purposes.”
Bishop Jack Spong was prone to say, “It’s precisely
because I take the Bible seriously that I don’t take it literally.” I think
there is great wisdom in that observation. And that’s my starting place here.
QUOTE 2: “The image of God is
the perfection of God.”
I guess that’s one possible understanding of that concept.
The image of G_d has a long history of interpretation in both the Judaic
tradition out of which it arose as well as the Christian streams of tradition
which adapted that Judaic thought to their own use.
The problem is, there is no concept of perfection in Judaic
thought. That’s a Greek idea. The Judaic vision is focused on the concept of
wholeness, not the absence of flaws. Jesus actually said, “Be whole as your
Father in heaven is whole.” We have largely misinterpreted that passage for
years to our peril.
But the notion of wholeness means the willingness to own
one’s Shadow content, not to repress it in pursuit of a persona based in
perfection. That’s a dangerous pursuit, ultimately, because it almost always
means that the parts of ourselves we hate end up being projected onto others. A
saying I often cite from author Ann Lamott quotes an Episcopal priest who said,
“You can safely assume you've created God in your own image when it turns
out that God hates all the same people you do.” Of course, that would be
true. The hated one always bears the Shadow we can’t face.
So, here’s an example of where we Christians get it wrong.
I love the hymn “Child
of the Light.” It’s a beautiful tune but it’s rotten
theology. To wit: “I want to be as a child of the light, I want to be like
Jesus….in him there is no darkness at all.”
To begin with, that means Jesus was NOT “fully God and
fully human” as our tradition has asserted since Chalcedon. All humans have
a Shadow side. This is a hymn about perfectionism based in a denial of our
Shadow, a perfectionism we here project onto Jesus.
But, if our goal is to see ourselves only in terms of the
light, it means that we have already engaged in projecting our Shadow onto
others. Little wonder we can so easily identify all the sinful people outside our
tribe when we engage in that kind of thinking. They ultimately bear the Shadow
we refuse to.
The medieval understanding of this imago dei tied
the divine image to the capacity to reason, something that set us apart from
non-human animals. Of course, there’s no small amount of anthropocentrism in
that. This understanding continued that
while all humans were born bearing the image of G-d, through a life of prayer
and righteous living, we could grow ever more into the likeness of G-d.
I think that is probably where your assertion above makes
sense. While the notion of perfection remains problematic (who can even define
it?), the promise that we can grow into the likeness of G-d over our lifetimes
is a very comforting idea. But that process was ultimately about becoming
whole, NOT perfect.
QUOTE: “That pride of self was
sinful rebellion….”
So said Augustine, a man who knew a lot about pride, self and rebellion. And perhaps it’s not surprising that a man of privilege would see pride as the ultimate sin. One of the ways that pride plays out is in the presumption that the prideful man of privilege’s experience is somehow normative for everyone else.
In fact, there are a lot of people whose besetting sin is not pride. If
anything, it’s the lack thereof. These are people who have been ground into the
dust and shamed just for being who they are – poor, female, persons of color,
immigrants, women, persons disabled by physical limitations and illness – and
in many cases they have internalized that debilitating vision of themselves.
Yet these are precisely the “little ones” Jesus loved, the
ones he sought to lift up with assertions like “You are the light of the
world! You are the salt of the Earth!” What they must repent of is not
pride, it is their own internalized devaluation as human beings. These are the
folks that most need to see the image of G_d on their own faces.
No doubt pride can be destructive to self and others. But we need to be very careful about assuming that this is the besetting sin that everyone must deal with.
It isn’t.
And to assert this evidences what I would see as a lack of
understanding of who Jesus was and what he was about. While he does have a good
bit to say about pride among the privileged, his primary focus was always on
compassion for the vast majority who were not. If you want to find Jesus in the
Gospels, always look for where there is suffering to be healed.
QUOTE 3: “That means that we’re born with a sinful nature that’s passed on from sinful human parent to sinful human child. All we have to do is look at our own lives for proof.”
Well, again, that is what Augustine said. (And I must note
at this point that Augustine has some very valuable things to say to us, this
just isn’t one of them) It’s important to note that his construct of “original
sin” that you reference here is not in the Genesis account. Perhaps even more
importantly, though Christianity would ultimately appropriate it as its own, Genesis
is a product of the Hebrew tradition. Judaism has never taught the
original sin doctrine that Augustine proposed in his City of God.
That has two implications worth noting. First, Jesus as a
Jew had probably never heard of “original sin” and would not have been inclined
to believe it. Second, Augustine’s doctrine was not fully articulated until the
early 5th CE and it will take another century for it to be adopted
by the Church. That also suggests that original sin was not a tenet of the
faith for all Christians until it became imposed by the authority of the church
at the end of the 5th CE. And even today, it is not universally
accepted within the Christian tradition.
Pretty shaky foundation for a theological pillar, I would
say.
But your last statement is the one most worth discussing. “All we have to do is look at our own lives for proof.” I think that is a helpful observation though problematic. On the one hand, if we look at our lives, we will certainly see places where we have “missed the mark,” the classical definition of sin in our tradition. And there have been times when all of us have needed to turn around and return to our Source, the Hebrew understanding of repentance.
But if we are being honest with ourselves when we look at
our lives, sin will never be all we see. Our “nature” is not capable of being
summed up by “sinful.” That’s little more than an exercise in a cynical reductionism
which would reduce a complex nature to its worst qualities. The truth is, we
are all mixed bags on a good day. Within each of us lives the potential to be
Mother Teresa as well as the potential to be Vladimir Putin. And most of us
live somewhere between the two extremes.
The Jewish understanding of that reality was the teachings
on the yetzers, the inclinations to be selfish on the one hand and the
inclination to do good on the other. It was the exercise of free will which determined
which inclination one lived into.
Again, bear in mind, Jesus was Jewish. There’s no small
amount of irony in the realization that the atonement theology may well be a supposed
remedy for an “original sin” that Jesus had never heard of and would not have
been inclined to believe.
It’s also important to note that our Creator’s assessment
of our nature at the end of the Creation cycle was that we, along with all of
Creation, were “very good.” Not perfect, a Greek concept foreign to Hebrew
thought, but - looking at the whole - “very good.” Indeed, the psalmist will
acclaim “I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works” (Psalm
139:14) So much for utter depravity, no?
So not only are constructs of “sin nature” et al not
accurate, they tend to be largely unrecognized control issues at work. Such
constructs create the condition precedent for a religion which demands that
others buy into their understandings or face eternal damnation. But imagine
that. A G-d dictated by human religious constructs. So whose construct is the
one G_d ultimately chooses? Whose belief system gets to determine the chosen?
At its core, this is thinly veiled manipulation at work. A
religion that is procured through browbeating and existential security
destabilization has little to recommend itself by. It is not the stuff of
mature adult believing and I find little about this to admire.
QUOTE 4: “Sin separates us from
life with God in heaven forever.”
Of all the doctrines
promulgated by the Christian tradition, I believe this is the most destructive
and, in the end, the least credible.
As I see it, the connection that is created by an infinite
Creator with finite creatures can never be broken by those finite creatures. If
the connection is infinite in its inception, finite creatures would be unable
to break it.
Simple physics.
That doesn’t mean we human creations are not capable of
ignoring that connection, denying it, neglecting it, abusing it, et al.
But in the end, we always remain connected to the G-d who created us regardless.
The Father of the Prodigal Son always stands ready to welcome us home, arms
open, ears closed to our own perceived need for self-deprecation. And thereby
we remain connected to all that exists.
Everything we do affects ourselves and everything else.
As Franciscan theologian Bonaventure put it, we come from
G_d, we exist in G_d, we return to G_d, the Holy One to whom my prayers daily
address, “My G_d and my all, you who are the Source of all Being, the Ground
of our existence, the Destination of all Souls.”
Notions of separation come to us human animals naturally.
They are a part of a normal human developmental cycle in which we begin
immersed in the ocean of our Mother’s amniotic fluids, are violently separated
from her body at birth, engage in a process of growth that progressively
instills understandings of separation from others as we individuate.
It is only in our later years, should we be fortunate
enough to be granted them, that we begin to see that we have always been
connected to others all along, others without whom we would never have survived
to elderhood. The response that we elders so often make is simply gratitude for
all the players along the way in our lives who helped us get to where we are
now.
Clearly, many, perhaps most, of us get stuck in notions of
individualism. As it plays out in our collective lives, it creates an atomistic
self-understanding, the rugged individual, alienated from our own inner depths,
from each other, from the good Creation of which we are a part but only a part,
and from the G-d who lies beneath, within and beyond all of that.
Ultimately, this is the stuff of neurosis.
Your letter referenced what the western Christian tradition
has called “original sin.” While I do not find Augustine’s construct terribly
compelling, I would say that if we are to locate a besetting sin that gives
rise to the pathologies that plague human life, it would be in the presumption
of separation. Ironically, Augustine’s theology is the key to this problem. ‘
When we do not pay attention to our inner depths,
dismissing our dreams as mere curiosities, we lose an entire dimension of our
humanity. Our unconscious is constantly communicating things we need to know if
we are willing to listen.
When we see others as either means or obstacles to our own
ends, we lose the badly needed role that healthy relationships play in making
us fully human. And when we see ourselves as separated from the Good Creation,
we will engage it in deleterious ways, the ever-growing threat of extinction by
climate change being only the most extreme manifestation of that.
Finally when we see ourselves as separated from G-d, we
become subject to manipulative theologies based in institutional control
issues. (If you want to go to heaven, believe what we believe) We might ask
ourselves why a G_d capable of creating all that exists would need to engage in
such pernicious human behaviors.
It has taken most of us a lifetime to fully develop our
notions of separation. They seem intuitively true to us. As you said, just look
around and you can see it in our lives. True. But what does that say about the
lenses through which we peer?
I am clear that repentance is a necessary tool for a
healthy spiritual life. And as you note, the need to repent is obvious in our own
lives and all around us. But if we are to begin with our besetting sin, let us begin
by reconsidering the belief that we are separated from G-d, not just in heaven
(we might ask ourselves what kind of deity would respond to finite acts with infinite
punishment – something we would call cruel and unusual punishment in our
justice system) but in our lives here and now.
Rather than presuming we are separate from our inner
depths, from other living beings, from the Good Creation and the G-d who is
present in all of these dimensions, why not let go of that artificial
separation? Why not presume instead that we are all connected, that what
we think, say and do affects not only ourselves but everything and everyone
else our lives impact. In truth, that makes a lot more sense. And while we are
at it, why not recognize that the G-d, from whom we so fear separation, is as
close as the very breath we breathe:
Yah – inhale – Weh –
exhale
I believe such a shift would make a world of difference.
Literally.
Quote 5: “Whose world can you
change with this message, Harry?”
Of course, this was your message, not mine. In all fairness, I took it seriously enough to respond here.
But, in all truth, we both know this would not be my
message and so I would not offer it to the world. I’ve worked hard all my life
to live in integrity and authenticity, to be who I truly am and to speak the
truth I see. So, the chances are, I won’t be relating this message to anyone much
as I see how important it might be to you. But if I am to write, preach, teach
with authenticity, I must offer the vision I see without seeking the
affirmation of those who do not share it.
One of our classes in seminary was called systematic
theology. My initial response to that course was simply “Who could ever come
up with a theology that covered the mystery that is G-d and why would we
attempt to do so?” I still think that question is valid.
While I found the courses fascinating to study and still admire
the professor who patiently prompted me to critically consider my own understandings,
I still see attempts to put understandings about the Holy One and our
relationship to that mystery as largely about our own perceived needs for
structure and systems and very little about that which we would describe within
them. Ultimately, this is an impossibility. As the nuns sang about Maria in The
Sound of Music, “How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand?”
That said, I observe that all of us are natural
theologians. Whether we are conscious of it or not, we all have our
understandings of what a beloved fellow priest used to call “these holy
mysteries.” I want to encourage that in my own ministry. My approach is never to
tell people what to think, which I see as a parent/child endeavor, but rather
to prompt them to think for themselves. I raise questions, pose dilemmas,
critique accepted understandings. My goal is never to undermine the faith of
anyone but to ultimately make it deeper, broader, stronger.
An inherited belief system, accepted on the basis of the
authority that is demanded by its offerors, is never one’s own. And as a result
it is inevitably brittle and can evoke violent responses when challenged. Daring
to question the beliefs one has been taught is often experienced as tantamount
to betraying one’s cherished authority sources whether family, friends or
religious authorities. But to do so is the only way to make them your own.
So, let me close by again thanking you for prompting me to
think about these points you have posed. I hope I have done your hard work in
writing your letter justice in responding to them. And let me encourage you to
continue thinking about them.
It’s enticing to believe one has arrived at an
understanding that is the final word. But given the ideas in question, I think
that’s pretty unlikely. Indeed, the scriptures and our faith tradition itself
evidence an ongoing journey in coming to understand “these holy mysteries” that
continues today. If we are being faithful to that tradition, we will always be sojourners.
I wish you well in that journey. And I was dead serious
about that offer for coffee.
Harry Coverston
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Harry Scott Coverston
Orlando, Florida
If the unexamined life is
not worth living, surely an unexamined belief system, be it religious or
political, is not worth holding. Most things worth considering do not come in
sound bites.
Those who believe religion
and politics aren't connected don't understand either. – Mahatma Gandhi
For what does G-d require of
you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your G-d? - Micah
6:8, Hebrew Scriptures
Do not be daunted by the
enormity of the world's grief. Do justly, now. Love mercy, now. Walk humbly
now. You are not obligated to complete the work, but neither are you free to
abandon it. - Rabbi Rami Shapiro, Wisdom of the Jewish
Sages (1993)
© Harry
Coverston, 2023
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